![]() XRD pattern of bulk SnO 2 was placed below in figure 1 (a) to compare with the element of the as-synthesized product. The corresponding XRD pattern is shown in figure 1 (a). The experiments showed that Zn doped SnO 2 with a flower-like hierarchical morphology consisting of 2D petals with nanoscale thickness can remove MO from an aqueous environment with a degradation efficiency of 99.5% in 15 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to examine crystal structure and phase purity of the as-prepared product. The as-prepared metal oxides were used as photocatalysts for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye. In the next step, the performance of the synthesized metal oxides was investigated for the photocatalytic application. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and UV-vis spectroscopy, zeta potential and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis techniques. The effects of some synthesis parameters such as pH, temperature, type of solvent, type of Sn precursor, and the amount and type of Zn precursor were studied on the size, morphology and structure of the synthesized products. The synthesis was performed by the hydrothermal method. Different hierarchical structures of pure tin dioxide (SnO 2), zinc doped SnO 2 and zinc tin oxide (ZTO Zn 2SnO 4) with zero, one and two-dimensional (0D, 1D and 2D) nano-building blocks were synthesized with deep eutectic precursors choline chloride : SnCl 2 and choline chloride : ZnCl 2. ![]()
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